Most people with transverse myelitis recover at least partially. Others may suffer permanent impairments that affect their ability to perform ordinary tasks of daily living. Aggressive acute treatment and physical therapy have been shown to improve outcomes. Others begin to recover and then suffer worsening of symptoms before recovery continues. The aquaporin-4 IgG antibody appears to cause myelitis in NMOSD by binding to the water channel and activating other components of the immune system, resulting in injury to the spinal cord. © 1998-2020 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER).
(Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is disease that causes distinctive lesions, or plaques, that primarily affect parts of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve—the nerve that carries information from the eye to the brain.
As it occurs rarely in children herein we report a case of a 4 year old boy who developed clinical and radiological manifestations of myelitis, 10 days after a recent respiratory tract infection.
The spinal cord carries nerve signals to and from the brain through nerves that extend from each side of the spinal cord and connect to nerves elsewhere in the body. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Research funded by NINDS aims to develop and implement new MRI techniques to quantitatively assess the relationship between spinal cord pathology and neurological dysfunction in MS. This can cause pain, muscle weakness, paralysis, sensory problems, or bladder and bowel dysfunction.There are many different causes of transverse myelitis, including infections and immune system disorders that attack the body's tissues. Individuals with lasting neurological defects from transverse myelitis typically consult with a range of rehabilitation specialists, who may include physiatrists (physicians specializing in physical medicine and rehabilitation), physical therapists, occupational therapists, vocational therapists, and mental health care professionals.Most people with transverse myelitis have at least partial recovery, with most recovery taking place within the first 3 months after the attack. Research has shown that a rapid onset of symptoms generally results in poorer recovery.Many people with transverse myelitis experience only one episode although recurrent or relapsing transverse myelitis does sometimes occur, particularly when an underlying cause (such as MS or NMOSD) can be found. Other problems to rule out include herniated or slipped discs, stenosis (narrowing of the canal that holds the spinal cord), abscesses, abnormal collections of blood vessels, and vitamin deficiencies. Cases in which a cause cannot be identified are called idiopathic.
Most transverse myelitis only occurs once (called monophasic). Transverse myelitis is an inflammation of part of the spinal cord. However, some people with neuromyelitis optica don't experience eye-related problems and might have only recurrent episodes of transverse myelitis.Transverse myelitis associated with an autoimmune disorder may be a warning sign of neuromyelitis optica. These medications include alemtuzumab, dimethyl fumarate, fingomilod, glatiramer acetate, interferon-beta, natalizumab, and teriflunomide, among others.Immunosuppressant treatments are used for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and recurrent episodes of transverse myelitis that are not caused by multiple sclerosis. In individuals with transverse myelitis, myelin damage most often occurs in nerves in the upper back, causing problems with leg movement and bowel and bladder control, which require signals from the lower segments of the spinal cord.Physicians diagnose transverse myelitis by taking a medical history and performing a thorough neurological examination. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission.Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic. Transverse myelitis is a focal disorder of the spinal cord in which an immune-mediated process results in neural injury. Such deficits can substantially interfere with a person’s ability to carry out everyday activities such as bathing, dressing, and performing household tasks. Get the latest public health information from CDC: Transverse myelitis is an inflammation of the spinal cord, a major part of the central nervous system. Examples of underlying disorders that may require long-term treatment include multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. Adult brains contain oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), which are stem cells that generate myelin-producing cells. In occasional cases, initial testing using MRI and lumbar puncture may show normal results but may need to be repeated in 5-7 days.Treatments are designed to address infections that may cause the disorder, reduce spinal cord inflammation, and manage and alleviate symptoms.
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idiopathic transverse myelitis