From 1991 a broader approach was adopted where the notions of cooperation and security complemented the basic concepts of deterrence and defence.From 1949 to 1991, international relations were dominated by bipolar confrontation between East and West. Das neue Strategische Konzept des Bündnisses Verabschiedet auf der NATO-Gipfelkonferenz in Rom, 8. In the context of the questioning, by some, of the relevancy of NATO, the "Harmel Report" or the "Report on the Future Tasks of the Alliance" was drawn up.It provided a broad analysis of the security environment since the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty in 1949 and advocated the need to maintain adequate defence while seeking a relaxation of tensions in East-West relations and working towards solutions to the underlying political problems dividing Europe.It defined two specific tasks: political and military; political, with the formulation of proposals for balanced force reductions in the East and West; military, with the defence of exposed areas, especially the Mediterranean.The Harmel Report introduced the notion of deterrence and However, between 1967 and 1991, there were still moments of great tension between the two blocs, as there were instances that gave rise to hope of a less turbulent relationship.Tensions increased with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the deployment of Soviet SS-20 missiles to which NATO reacted by initiating its Double-Track Decision, December 1979: it offered the Warsaw Pact a mutual limitation of medium and intermediate-range ballistic missiles and, failing a positive reaction from Moscow, threatened to deploy Pershing and cruise missiles, which it eventually did.Détente increased with the signing of the US-Soviet agreements on Strategic Arms Limitations (SALT I) and anti-ballistic missile systems, and SALT II (although not ratified), as well as the signing of US-Soviet Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START) and the Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty.By the mid- to late 80s, both blocs moved to confidence-building. Both documents placed the Strategic Concepts in a wider framework by stressing issues that had an impact on the environment within which the Strategic Concepts were interpreted.NATO started producing strategic documents as early as October 1949.
Konsultation: Es dient gem Artikel 4 des Washingtoner Vertrags als ein wesentliches transatlantisches Forum fr Konsultationen unter den Verbndeten ber alle Fragen, die ihre vitalen Interessen einschlielich mglicher Entwicklungen berhren, die Risiken fr die Sicherheit der Bndnismitglieder mit sich bringen, und als Forum fr sachgerechte Koor-dinierung ihrer Bemhungen in Bereichen, die sie gemeinsam angehen. After the withdrawal of France from the integrated military structure in 1966, it was decided that responsibility for all defence matters in which France did not participate was given to the DPC, of which France was not a member. This "New Look" policy offered greater military effectiveness without having to spend more on defence (NSC 162/2, 30 October 1953).However, although alluded to in the strategic documents, nuclear weapons had not yet been integrated into NATO's strategy. For the Alliance, the period was characterised by dialogue and cooperation, as well as other new ways of contributing to peace and stability such as multinational crisis management operations.During the immediate post-Cold War period, NATO issued two unclassified Strategic Concepts that advocated a broader approach to security than before:Both of these were accompanied by a classified military document: respectively MC 400 and MC 400/2.The 1991 Strategic Concept differed dramatically from preceding strategic documents. Additionally, it affirms that NATO will continue its reform and transformation process.After having reiterated NATO’s enduring purpose and key values and principles, the Strategic Concept highlights the Organization’s core tasks.“The modern security environment contains a broad and evolving set of challenges to the security of NATO’s territory and populations.
Each member's contribution to defence should be in proportion to its capacity – economic, industrial, geographical, military – and cooperative measures were to be put into place by NATO to ensure optimal use of resources. At its meeting in Lisbon, in February 1952, the NAC set very ambitious force goals that proved to be financially and politically unrealistic. Both reports could be perceived as NATO's first steps toward a more cooperative approach to security issues.As soon as NATO's third Strategic Concept was adopted, a series of international developments occurred that put into question the Alliance's strategy of massive retaliation.This strategy relied heavily on the United States' nuclear capability and its will to defend European territory in the case of a Soviet nuclear attack. The 2010 Strategic Concept was issued at the Lisbon Summit in November 2010 and is accompanied by the Military Committee Guidance MC 400/3, March 2012. In addition, the debate was broadened to invite the interested public, as well as experts, to contribute.Furthermore, it was the first time that a NATO Secretary General initiated and steered the debate.
The Allied air attacks would use "all types of weapons".There was another issue which the Korean invasion raised, but was only addressed years later: the need for NATO to engage in a "forward strategy", which meant that NATO wanted to place its defences as far east in Europe as possible, as close to the Iron Curtain as it could. These threats include, for instance, the proliferation of ballistic missiles and nuclear weapons, terrorism, cyber attacks and fundamental environmental problems. Against that analysis, it set out the kinds of operations the Alliance must be able to perform in light of the Alliance's Strategic Concept and the kinds of capabilities NATO needed.Later, at the Strasbourg-Kehl Summit in April 2009, NATO leaders endorsed the "Declaration on Alliance Security" which, inter alia, called for a new Strategic Concept.
NATO's nuclear deterrent had not stopped the Soviets from threatening the position of Western Allies in Berlin. This led to the drafting of NATO's second Strategic Concept: "The Strategic Concept for the Defense of the North Atlantic Area", which was approved by the NAC on 3 December 1952 (MC 3/5(Final)). As the USSR's nuclear potential increased, NATO's competitive advantage in nuclear deterrence diminished.
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nato strategisches konzept 1991